Islamic New Year, also called Hijri New Year, marks the first day of the Islamic month of Muharram. It commemorates the migration (Hijrah) of Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE — the event that established the Islamic calendar.
The Hijrah of 622 CE was chosen as year 1 of the Islamic calendar by the second caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab around 638 CE. Unlike Eid celebrations, Islamic New Year is a more contemplative observance.
Quiet reflection on the Prophet's example. Special prayers. Special meals in some communities. The first 10 days of Muharram lead up to Ashura, particularly significant in Shia Islam.
Public holiday in most Muslim-majority countries. Generally observed quietly compared to Eid celebrations.